In order to mitigate the corrosion, it is advantageous to lower the salt concentration to under 5 mgl and water content material to under 0. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining of a refinery. The history of crude oil desalting dehydration plant ddp has been marked in progressive phasesthe simple gravity settling phase, the chemical treatment phase, the electrical enhancement phase and the dilution water phase. The water dissolves salt crystals and the mixing distributes the salts into the water, uniformly. A process for desalting a crude oil comprises 1 injecting steam into the oil to form a steaminjected oil. Step 2 most typical methods of crude oil desalting are chemical. In the desalting process, water is mixed with the crude. How to crude oil desalting process in refinnerypetroleum. Crude oil desalterdehydration howebaker international. Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical additives financial benefits. Modelling and optimising of crude oil desalting process. Crude oil desalting using hydrocyclones pdf free download. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion breaking in. Modification of an industrial crude oil desalting unit by electric.
The two most typical methods of crude oil desalting. Desalting is a part of the refining process, in which, salts and water are removed from the crude oil prior to distillation. Desalting, the removal of formation water from oil, is a vital process in crude oil recovery. Juan pereira is grateful to the projects 201003 cdchuc and peii20121184 peifonacit for funding. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. Modeling and optimization of desalting process in oil industry. Crude oil desalting water washing water is mixed with the incoming crude oil through a mixing valve. Crude oil contains many contaminants which present challenges to refiners. Crude oil transfer is usually achieved by pumping and for this we integrate liquid pumping skids into our packages in partnership with pump suppliers recognised throughout the upstream oil sector. Some contaminants occur naturally in the crude oil and others are accumulated in the upstream process. The modern petroleum refinery has a series of core process units that create clean gasoline and low sulfur diesel fuel.
Desalting of crude oil background the removal of salts found in the form of what we may call remnant brine is carried out in the desalting process. In recent times, the proper cachet would be the controloptimisation phase marked by terms such as ddp process. The pressure drop was measured and the efficiency of the desalting processes was calculated based on the bsw measurement, and oil salinity. Crude oil desalting process phillips petroleum company. Wang institute of pressure vessel and process equipment, east china university of science and technology, shanghai, pr china. Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids and watersoluble trace metals. Crude oil dehydration corrosion handbook baumann et j. Natco electrodynamic desalter electrostatic desalting.
Petroleum downstream crash course 6 desalting youtube. By lowering the surface tension between two fluids in the case of desalting oil. An increase of one part per million ppm of water and brine reduces the cost of crude oil by. The current research presents a process modification aiming to improve the dehydration efficiency of a crude oil desalting unit through the. Crude oil management desalting chemicals emulsion breaking corrosion control. A composition and method for improving the removal of corrosive contaminants from crude oil within the desalter in a petroleum refinery. Process group offers a range of technology options to cover most typical processing requirements related to crude oil desalting. There are several strategies to address crude contaminants before the desalter that also aid the desalting process.
Salts deposit inside the tubes of furnaces and on the tube bundles of heat exchangers creating fouling, thus reducing the heat transfer efficiency. Crude oil desalting the desalting of crude oil is a process that does not have a high profile, but is vital to the operation of the modern petroleum refinery. Some of the reasons why crude oil desalting is necessary are. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. The first oil refinery unit is crude oil desalting.
Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation. Influence of key parameters on crude oil desalting. This creates unnecessary wear on the column and a potential safety issue. Where there are two desalting stages for desalting crude oil.
A surfactant will reduce the surface tension between two fluids. Study on the deferrization and desalting for crude oils. Crude oil desalting introduction poor desalting has the following effects. Crude oil dehydration and desalting longdom publishing sl. To remove salts from crude oil, waterin oil emulsion has to. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be removed by desalting dehydration the two most typical methods of crude oil desalting, chemical and. There are many significant variables to control in the crude oil operation therefore the desalting. Crude oil pretreatment desalting petroleum refinery.
The purpose of crude oil desalting is to remove these undesirable impurities, especially salts and water, from the crude oil prior to distillation the salt content in the crude oil. In petroleum industry normally emulsions encountered are some kind of water droplets dispersed in a continuous phase of oil. Pdf article open access a comprehensive electrical. This will reduce the salt content in the crude oil to the acceptable limits of 15 to 20 ptb pounds of salt, expressed as equivalent sodium chloride, per thousand barrels of oil. Desalters provide more protection to costly refinery equipment than any other single piece of process hardware. Salt dissolved in water brine enters the crude stream as a contaminant during the production or transportation of oil. Three highiron crude oils were studied for iron distributions, deferrization, and desalting in the desalting process. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. This salt needs to be removed so that the crude oil. Step 2 most typical methods of crude oil desalting. Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and watersoluble trace metals. During the desalting process, the challenge is to overcome the existence of an emulsion layer at the interface between oil and water. Operator of a middle east oil production facility eliminated desalter downtime by using process iq process systems performance services to enhance expertise in analyzing data from the facilitys numerous monitoring and control systems.
Desalting of crude oil is necessary due to the relationship between the price of exported crude oil and its quality. Crude oil desalting technology is utilised to remove residual salt to meet these requirements. Salts carried with the products act as catalyst poisons in catalytic cracking units. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid. Where there are two desalting stages for desalting crude oil, the. Crude oil refinery flow diagram showing process chemical. An improved method and process unit for desalting petroleum crude oils in which a portion of the stable emulsion layer which forms in the desalter vessel is withdrawn from the desalter and diluted with a liquid diluent, typically oil or water or both to destabilize the emulsion which is then separated into separate oil.
Oil treating and desalting systems desalting provides protection capital intensive refinery equipment by removing the salt component from crude oil. The pressure drop was measured and the efficiency of the desalting processes, dehydration and hydrocarbon crude intake in the water was calculated based on. An amine is added to the wash water or to the crude oil prior to. Results showed that the contactor improved desalting, water in the crude oil was reduced and crude. The type and size of the desalter that is used is dependent upon a number of fundamental factors such as pressure, temperature, fluid viscosity and flowrate, as well as customer requirements relating to maximum salt allowed in the product oil. To remove the salts, wash water is added mixed under turbulence to the crude in the incoming crude feed line. Optimization of operating parameters of oil desalting in southern. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be removed by desalting dehydration. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil. Understanding the process of crude oil desalting desalters. The primary means to remove these contaminants is the desalting process. The first step in the refining process is to remove these contaminants by desalting.
Although distillation is usually known as the first process in petroleum refineries, in many cases, desalting should take place before distillation figure 3. Process design of crude oil electrostatic desalters project standards and specifications page 3 of 12 rev. These contaminants need to be removed to refine the oil into a finished product. Crude oil introduced to refinery processing contains many undesirable impurities, such as sand, inorganic salts, drilling mud, polymer, corrosion byproduct, etc. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. Crude oil that comes in contact with water carries some residual water.