Biotechnological exploitation of microalgae journal of. It furthermore includes a survey of the stateoftheart in process engineering of algae cultivation starting with mass production in open ponds and leading you to advanced. Microalgae have been exploited for biofuel generation in the current era due to its enormous energy content, fast cellular growth rate, inexpensive culture approaches, accumulation of inorganic compounds, and co 2 sequestration. Microalgal biotechnology provides an insight into future developments in each field and extensive bibliography. Actinobacteria basics and biotechnological applications. The booktreats the biological fundamentals of microalgal biotechnology in physiology and molecular biology and provides an overview of applications and products. Algaebased biofuels have been gaining attention as a potential production platform for renewable fuel and biochemicals. Microalgae are capable of producing sustainable bioproducts and biofuels by using carbon dioxide or other carbon substances in various cultivation modes. With the high interest in renewable resources, the field of algal biotechnology has undergone a huge leap in importance in recent years. Aquaculture industries, and in particular the farming of fish and crustaceans, are major contributors to the economy of many countries and an increasingly important component in global food supply.
The world energy crisis and increased greenhouse gas emissions have driven the search for alternative and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. In this study, efficient pretreatment method of rice straw rs was developed and the rs hydrolysate was applied in the cultivation of microalgae for. General process diagram of microalgal biotechnology and the application of electrotechnologies in different stages of the process. Handbook of microalgal culture is truly a landmark publication, drawing on some 50 years of worldwide experience in microalgal mass culture. To overcome this problem, enzymatic production of biodiesel has become an alternative for biodiesel production, because the byproduct glycerol can be easily recovered, salt and catalyst can be avoided, wastewater treatment is not required, it gives high production yield under milder conditions and is a ecofriendly process gharat and rathod. Some strains ofdunaliella are cultivated commercially in large. However, many physicochemical structural and compositional factors inhibit the enzymatic digestibility of the lignocellulosic biomass. Unicellular green algae of the genusdunaliella thrive in extreme environmental conditions such as high salinity, low ph, high irradiance and subzero temperatures. In response to the energy crisis, global warming, and climate changes, microalgae have received a great deal of attention as a biofuel feedstock. Microalgal biotechnology september 21, 2018 keeping in view, the challenges concerning agroecosystem and environment, the recent developments in biotechnology offers a more reliable approach to address the food security for future generations and also resolve the complex environmental problems. Currently, research is ongoing towards the advancement of the microalgae cultivation parameters to enhance the biomass yield. Microalgae as bioreactors for bioplastic production. Microalgae may be considered as an important alternative.
Due to a high lipid content in microalgal cells, microalgae present as a promising alternative source for the production of biodiesel. A new and innovative harvesting device has been developed. The book microalgae biotechnology integration and economy treats integrated approaches to bring the high potential of microalgae into application, accelerate the development of really working production processes and put finally the products on the market. The book is divided into four parts, with part i detailing biological and. Algae are some of the fastest growing organisms in the world, with up to 90% of their weight made up from carbohydrate, protein and oil. Algae biotechnology products and processes faizal bux. This might be due to large lipid deposits present in the cytosol of p. Applied research and development in microalgal biotechnology. Andrew beckerman a thesis presented to the university of sheffield in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of doctor of philosophy in chemical and biological engineering may 2016. Microalgae are touted as an attractive alternative to traditional forms of biomass for biofuel production, due to high productivity, ability to be cultivated on marginal lands, and potential to utilize carbon dioxide co2 from industrial flue gas. Biodiesel produced from microalgae will not compromise the production of food and other products derived from crops. Microalgae are a major natural source for a vast array of valuable compounds, including a diversity of pigments, for which these photosynthetic microorganisms represent an almost exclusive biological resource. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
However, nuclear transformation still faces problems such as poor transgene integration, codon bias, positional effects, and gene silencing which can lead to poor or unstable transgene expression. Accumulation of highvalue products in microalgae is not conducive with rapid cell growth, which is the potential conflict in microalgal production. The companys headquarters are located at 1800 pembrook drive, suite 300 orlando, fl 32810. Todd lorenz 15 industrial production of microalgal cellmass and secondary. Biodiesel production by microalgal biotechnology request pdf. The factors of importance in microalgal cultivation as well as the culture systems are briefly described. Electrotechnologies applied to microalgal biotechnology. Prospects and applications 299 production of high value products such as pigments and highgrade lipids, which are extractable from several species of algae. Dear colleagues, there is a growing interest in the opportunities that microalgae and cyanobacteria offer in industrial biotechnology as lightdriven platforms for the production of valuable bioproducts. Microalgal lipid production using the hydrolysates of rice. Microalgal metabolites have attracted attention, because they are a resource for toxins, and potential new drugs.
Today, the highest yielding plants produce phb levels of about 18% of dry weight. Canola oil containing healthful long chain omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is produced from plants engineered with an algal polyketide synthaselike enzyme system. This article considers the potential applications of microalgal. Our mission is to develop a commercial and sustainable production chain for food, feed, chemistry and energy from microalgae and cyanobacteria. Driven by the genomics revolution, functional, postgenomic analyses. Preliminary laboratory scale studies have shown consistent biomass production and weekly a thick microalgal biofilm could be harvested.
Biodiesel produced from microalgae will not compromise the production of food and other products derived. Aspects of the effects of harmful algae are also discussed, as well as the potential commercial application of algal biotechnology, the technoeconomic feasibility of algal biodiesel production and the use of genetic and metabolic engineering for the improvement of yield. The production of microalgal biodiesel requires large quantities of algal biomass. As well as these macromolecules, microalgae are also rich in other highvalue compounds, such as vitamins, pigments, and biologically active compounds, all these compounds can be extracted for use by the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food. Metabolic engineering of microalgal based biofuel production. It refers to implications in current biotechnological uses of microalgae as aquaculture feed and future biofuel crops and explores potential applications of metabolic engineering and selective breeding to. Improving microalgal biotechnology by applying principles. With the advancement of microalgal biotechnology, many tools and techniques for the genetic manipulation of microalgae have been developed. This work examines the fossil energy return on investment eroifossil, greenhouse gas ghg emissions, and direct water demands wd of. Algal biomass and algaederived compounds have a very wide range of potential applications, from animal feed and aquaculture to human nutrition and health products. For achieving large scale production, the critical problem is how to reduce the investment cost and production cost during the whole microalgae biofuel production. Interestingly, in comparison to efforts on phb synthesis in the cytosol of plants, phb expression levels in p. In this scenario, microalgal biotechnology seems to have high potential for biodiesel production huang et al.
First, the cultivation of microalgae dose not need much land as compared to that of terraneous plants. Lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source of sugars for biofuels. A main emphasis is laid on valuable components from microalgae that can be utilized in cosmetics, food, feed and in aquaculture. For this, physiological responses of nannochloropsis sp.
N2 algae are some of the fastest growing organisms in the world, with up to 90% of their weight made up from carbohydrate, protein and oil. It has been suggested that higher plant hormone systems evolved from a pre. Kleinmarcuschamer d, chisti y, benemann jr, lewis d 20 a matter of detail. Algal systems offer advantages over terrestrial plant sources, such as higher productivity, increased oils, avoidance of foodforfuel, and the potential for using both wastewater and saltwater 1, 2. Cultivation of microalgae via an innovative technology. Tailoring microalgae for efficient biofuel production. Harnessing cn balance of chromochloris zofingiensis to. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading microalgal biotechnology. According to life cycle analysis, microalgae biofuel is identified as one of the major renewable energy sources for sustainable development, with potential to replace the fossilbased fuels. It is of great significance to exploit microalgae for the economical viability of biofuels and the revenues from highvalue bioproducts. This book provides a onestop benchmark reference on microalgal biotechnology, considering all aspects, from microalgal screening to production of biofuels and other value added products. Highvalue biomass from microalgae production platforms. Microalgal biotechnology presents an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the microalgaebased processes and products. Microalgae have emerged as a potential feedstock for biofuel production as many strains accumulate higher amounts of lipid, with faster biomass growth and higher photosynthetic yield than their land plant counterparts.
The following sections will address the current status of the direct application of these techniques on microalgae biotechnology. Improving microalgal biotechnology by applying principles from ecological theory david a. Mar 31, 2016 however, the greatest challenge in a transition to algaebased biofuel production is the various other complications involved in microalgal cultivation, its harvesting, concentration, drying and lipid extraction. Microalgal production for biomass and highvalue products. Applications of microalgal biotechnology for disease. High cost input became the biggest challenge in the microalgae bioenergy development. Biodiesel and value added products presents the latest developments and recent research trends with a focus on potential biotechnologically related uses of microalgae. However, stunted growth and infertility means this species is impractical for largescale production. Protection and new product development, the impact of biotechnology on food production, new applications of biotechnology in the food industry, biotechnology. The operational strategy affects tag productivity but a systematic comparison between different strategies is lacking. Microalgae as sustainable renewable energy feedstock for. Several green microalgae accumulate lipids, especially triacylglycerols tags, which are main precursors in the production of lipid. An overview of the various aspects, promises and limitations of microalgal biotechnology is presented. However, the industrial performance of microalgae is still challenged with potential conflict between.
Microalgal biotechnology and bioenergy in dunaliella intechopen. Microalgal biotechnology september 21, 2018 keeping in view, the challenges concerning agroecosystem and environment, the recent developments in biotechnology offers a more reliable approach to address the food security for future generations and also resolve the. The results of this study show for the very first time that phb production is possible in a microalgae system. The illustration in figure 9 is a conceptual model for integrated biomass production klass, 1997 that can be adopted for microalgal biodiesel production. N2 algae are some of the fastest growing organisms in the world, with up to 90% of. The final chapter provides an overview of advanced techniques such as genetic engineering of microalgae to increase lipid yield. This handbook is devoted to the mass production of microalgae, and in my part, is based on some 10 years of experience in growing and studying microalgal cultures maintained at high polulation densities under laboratory conditions and in outdoor ponds. This twoparameter expression has proven extremely useful and versatile in fitting product formation data from different fermentations. An alternative method for production of microalgal. Kinetic modeling of microalgal growth and lipid synthesis. Microalgae production in the selfsupported proviapt vertical flatpanel photobioreactor system. However, high production costs are the major limitation for. Phb production, with potential yields of up to 40% of dry weight.
Yellow, orange, and red carotenoids have an industrial use in food products and cosmetics as vitamin supplements and health food products and as feed additives for poultry. These incorporate maturations to get ethanol and biogas. This is an expected kinetic form when the product is the result of energyyielding metabolism. Phytohormone systems generally involve biosynthesis pathways that produce phytohormones and signal transduction pathways that mediate the effects of phytohormones. It is likewise conceivable to deliver proteinrich food for both. Despite these valueadded products having the potential to offset the high cost of downstream processing of renewable fuels, their production has not been explored indepth. Microalgae have enormous potential as feedstock for biofuel production compared with other sources, due to their high areal productivity, relatively low environmental impact, and low impact on food security. Microalgal biotechnology by clemens posten overdrive.
Apr 15, 2008 handbook of microalgal culture is truly a landmark publication, drawing on some 50 years of worldwide experience in microalgal mass culture. Strategies to enhance production of microalgal biomass and. Mar 16, 2016 for a commercially feasible microalgal triglyceride tag production, high tag productivities are required. Potential and production marine and freshwater botany kindle edition by posten, clemens, walter, christian. Divided into 10 discreet chapters, the book covers topics on applied technology of microalgae. Microalgal production for biomass and highvalue products covers the field from a variety of perspectives with 14 chapters contributed by recognized academic experts and industrial practitioners. Biodiesel production by microalgal biotechnology sciencedirect. Species ofdunaliella are well known in the alga biotechnological industry and are employed widely for the production of valuable biochemicals, such as carotenoids.
Photosynthetic microorganisms use a direct route to convert inorganic carbon into functional molecules while employing sunlight. Other than lipids, microalgal biomass offers open doors for getting extra business materials. Nick is currently the laboratory manager for a microalgal biotechnology company aiming to commercialize microalgal carotenoids. Potential and production marine and freshwater botany. Jul 25, 2012 this paper provides an overview of microalgal biotechnology and production platforms for the development of omega3 fatty acids epa and dha. Microalgal biotechnology biotechnology company 4 photos. Apr 12, 2014 kleinmarcuschamer d, chisti y, benemann jr, lewis d 20 a matter of detail.
Current commercial algae biomass production technologies. Food safety and new roles for traditional institutions, its potential impact on interrelationships among agriculture, industry, and society. Strategies for lipid production improvement in microalgae. However, the severe impact of aquatic microbial diseases on production performance remains a challenge to these industries. Chapter 26 transformation of chloroplasts of chlamydomonas for the production of therapeutic proteins. The book presents the latest technologies and innovations in algal biomass production, from cultivation in open ponds and photobioreactors, to strain. It gives an analysis of microalgal biology, ecology, biotechnology, and biofuel production capacity as well as a thorough discussion. Microalgal biotechnology appears to possess high potential for biodiesel production because a signi. Depleting fossil fuel, soaring prices, growing demand, and global climate change concerns have driven the research for finding an alternative source of sustainable fuel. Nicks ongoing aim is to significantly contribute to the development of a bio. Fortunately the large investment for the last eight to ten years made it possible for the field to visualize the potential paths forward and a step closer to make the microalgae industry.
It will be an essential resource for researchers and academic. Potential biotechnological application of microalgae. Phytohormones see glossary are a class of small molecules that serve as chemical messengers to coordinate cellular activities in higher plants 1. Environmental and culturing condition variations can alter lipid production as well as chemical compositions of. Astaxa is actively driven by applied research and development in microalgal biotechnology related topics. Most of algal species are obligate phototrophs and thus require light for their growth.
Among the many challenges that have been preventing microalgal biotechnology from becoming industrialized, the lack of novel technologies are the major reason. Microalgae have high potentials in biodiesel production compared to other oil crops. The book treats the biological fundamentals of microalgal biotechnology in physiology and molecular biology and provides an overview of applications and products. This has the potential to be improved, however, there have also been ethical concerns over. Biodiesel production by microalgal biotechnology guanhua huang a, feng chen b,c, dong wei c, xuewu zhang c, gu chen c a b c school of chemical engineering and technology, china university of mining and technology, china school of biological sciences, the university of hong kong, pokfulam, hong kong, china college of light industry and food.